Ancona has a rich military and maritime history visible in its fortresses and defensive monuments. This guide to the best fortresses and historic monuments in Ancona focuses on three must-see places: the Mole Vanvitelliana, the Cittadella also known as Fortezza Sangallo, and Forte Altavilla.
Mole Vanvitelliana (Lazzaretto)
The Mole Vanvitelliana, historically known as the Lazzaretto of Ancona, is one of the city’s most iconic monuments and stands in the port on a pentagonal artificial island connected by three bridges. Designed by Luigi Vanvitelli, construction began in 1733 and ended in 1743; its pentagonal shape and size are often compared to the Pentagon in Washington.
Originally built for quarantine and storage, it also had defensive functions. Today it is a cultural centre with the Omero Museum, exhibitions and events.
Cittadella – Fortezza Sangallo
The Cittadella of Ancona, or Fortezza Sangallo, stands on Astagno Hill in Capodimonte with panoramic views over the port and city. Built starting in 1532 by Antonio da Sangallo the Younger, it features five bastions, a central Torraccia keep and underground passages.
It is one of Italy’s key Renaissance military sites. Today Cittadella Park hosts events and offers scenic walks.
Forte Altavilla
Forte Altavilla is located in Pietralacroce at 187 metres above sea level with views over the Adriatic, Ancona and Monte Conero. Built between 1863 and 1866 by Giuseppe Morando, it was part of the second defensive line in Conero stone.
Today it is a public park freely accessible for walks and panoramic views.
FAQ
What is the oldest fortress in Ancona?
The Cittadella, or Fortezza Sangallo, is one of the oldest and was built starting in 1532 by Antonio da Sangallo the Younger.
Can you visit Forte Altavilla?
Yes, Forte Altavilla is a public park in Pietralacroce and can be visited freely.
What is the Mole Vanvitelliana?
The Mole Vanvitelliana, or Lazzaretto, is a pentagonal complex in Ancona’s port designed by Luigi Vanvitelli. Today it hosts museums and events.
Can you visit these three places in one itinerary?
Yes, they can be combined in one day: the Mole Vanvitelliana in the port, the Cittadella on the hill and Forte Altavilla to the south.